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Stony Brook Bachelor of Arts Degree Cap and Gown

Academic regalia in the United States has a history going back to the colonial colleges era. It has been most influenced past the academic dress traditions of Europe. At that place is an Inter-Collegiate Code that sets out a detailed uniform scheme of academic regalia that is voluntarily followed by many, though not all institutions entirely adhere to information technology.

Elements [edit]

Gowns and robes [edit]

American bookish dress is typically closed at the front and is properly worn with the prescribed cap and hood. On the baccalaureate dress shown, other items, such equally scarves, stoles or cords may be seen.

Bachelor'southward and master's gowns in the Us are similar to some of their counterparts in the United Kingdom, particularly Oxford. The main differences are that the bachelor's gown is designed to be worn closed and that the sleeves of the modernistic gown are foursquare at the finish instead of pointed[i] as the Code calls for. The chief's gown sleeve is ellipsoidal and, though the base of the sleeve hangs downward, it is foursquare-cutting at the rear office of the oblong shape. The front part has an arc cut abroad, and there is a slit for the wrist opening (which before 1960 was located at the elbow as on British gowns), just the rest of the arc is airtight. The shape is evocative of the square-cut liripipe incorporated into many academic hoods. The master'south gown is designed to be worn open or closed.[two]

Doctoral gowns are typically black, although some schools employ gowns in the school'southward colors.[2] The Lawmaking calls for the outside beat out of the hood to remain black in that case. Doctoral gowns take bell sleeves with three velvet bands on them and velvet facing on the front of the gown. The Code calls for the gown trim to be either black or the colour designated for the field of study in which the doctorate is earned, with the proviso that the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) uses the dark blue velvet of philosophy regardless of the particular field studied. (For case, a Ph.D. in theology would wear velvet gown trim in nighttime bluish, a Medico of Theology (Th.D.) would wear scarlet trim, or either might choose black.) Some gowns expose a necktie or cravat when closed. They are designed to be worn open or airtight in the front.[2]

Members of the Board of Trustees or other governing trunk officers of a college or university, regardless of their degrees, are entitled to wearable physician's gowns, faced only with black velvet and black velvet bars on the sleeves. However, their hoods (see, beneath) may be only those of the degree actually held by the wearer (or one specially prescribed past the institution).[iii] The color standardization for the outside shell of the hood equally blackness provides flexibility of use and helps facilitate this practice.

Hoods [edit]

The doctoral hood of the California Institute of Applied science. Annotation the blueish velvet trim indicating philosophy; for degrees other than the Ph.D., the trim's color corresponds to the bailiwick of the degree being awarded. The interior lining shows the schoolhouse colors, in this case orange and white.

The hood's coloring and size represents the type and bailiwick of degree earned, as well as the establishment from which it was awarded. Though no shape is specified in the Code, American bachelors and masters normally wear the Wales unproblematic shape ([s5] in the Groves nomenclature arrangement) with a split salmon cutting; doctors wear the same shape merely with "panels" attached to the sides.[4]

  • Shell – The Code calls for the vanquish material of the hood to match the robe, and for the colour to exist black regardless of the color of the robe being worn.[5]
  • Interior lining – The interior lining, generally satin, is worn so as to display the colors of the establishment from which the wearer received the caste; if more than than 1 color is used, they are unremarkably in the pattern of chevrons or equal divisions.[6]
  • Trim – The outer edge of the cowl (around the opening if one would put it over one's head if wearing it as an actual hood) is trimmed in velvet or velveteen.[7] The width of the trim is 2 inches, 3 inches, and 5 inches for the bachelor'southward, master'due south, and doctoral degrees, respectively.[seven] In well-nigh American colleges and universities, the color of the velvet hood trimming is distinctive of the academic field, or as closely related as possible, to which the caste earned pertains.[8] For example, ane who has earned a Master of Arts in Journalism would article of clothing velvet trim of crimson to signify "journalism", rather than white to represent "arts". Trim colors should non be combined or displayed together in any style to attempt to indicate more than one bookish field.[nine]
  • Length – The length of the hood will vary with the level of academic achievement likewise: bachelors wear a 3 foot length, masters a 3.5 foot length, and doctors a 4 foot length.[x] Generally simply doctoral hoods are made with the cape or panels at the sides of the hood that lie cape-similar across the back.

Candidates may have the hood ceremoniously placed upon them, every bit is done at some British universities, or a higher or school may 'self-hood' en masse at the advisable fourth dimension during the anniversary.[eleven] Additionally, the Code allows for the wearing of the hood into the starting time ceremony as office of the academic procession, but just if neither of the ii procedures above are being employed.[12] The Lawmaking too states: "Information technology is quite appropriate for the bachelor'south gown to be worn without a hood."[2] Many institutions, particularly larger ones, have therefore dispensed with the bachelor'south hood at commencement ceremonies altogether, though a graduate is still entitled to wearable one once the degree is conferred.[ii] Both honorary and earned doctoral degrees are very often conferred by the highest academic officer of an institution bestowing the advisable hood at the podium, regardless of the procedure being followed for other candidates at the anniversary.

Simply one hood should be worn at any given time.[12] The regalia indicating the highest degree attained is usually worn, though the Code seems to allow for a graduate to revert for some occasion to the entire academic costume of a bottom degree earned. Those who concord multiple degrees of the same level (i.due east. more i primary'south or doctorate degree) may wear at whatsoever given time the regalia, in its entirety, of any one degree earned.[12] The Lawmaking does non let for 'mixing-and-matching.' The ane exception is for officers of the academic institution who, while wearing a doctoral gown of the Academy beingness served, may brandish i hood from any degree earned from any establishment (see Academic robes, above).[13]

Headwear [edit]

Headwear is an important component of cap-and-gown, and the academic costume is not complete without it. The headwear may vary with the level of academic achievement and, to some extent, on the individual academic institution'due south specifications.

  • Caps – The mortarboard cap is recommended in the Code, and the material required to match the gown, with the exception that doctoral regalia tin can instead use a velvet 4-, six-, or eight-sided tam, but the four-sided mortarboard-shaped tam in velvet is what the Code seems to recommend here; the simply color chosen for is black, in all cases[14] During graduation ceremonies in the United states of america, both women and men wear caps, and both women and men wear their caps indoors throughout most of the ceremony, except for men during a baccalaureate service, the national anthem ("The Star-Spangled Banner"), any benediction that may exist offered by a chaplain or other authority, and sometimes the singing of the alma mater if the local custom requires it.[12] Although armed services and civil uniform, national dress, and clerical garb etc. are worn beneath the academic robe, traditionally only the biretta in conjunction with clerical garb will replace the academic cap. All other costumes forgo the normal headwear in favor of the appropriate academic version.
  • Tassel – The tassel worn on the mortarboard or a tam seems to provide, by tradition, the greatest opportunity for latitude in American bookish dress. It has been black, or represented the university's colors, or the colors of the specific college, or the subject field. The tassel has besides been used to indicate membership in national honor societies or other awards. However, strictly speaking, the Code states that "The tassel should be black or the color advisable to the [academic] subject," and only makes an exception for the gilded tassel, which is reserved for those entitled to vesture the doctoral gown. Merely ane tassel is worn at a time.[14]

In that location is at some colleges and universities a do of moving the tassel from one side to the other on graduating, but this is a modern innovation that would exist impractical out of doors due to the vagaries of the wind. However, this marker of transition to graduate status has the do good of taking less time than more traditional indicators such as the private conferring of the hood or a complete alter of apparel part-manner through the ceremony (as at Oxford in the United Kingdom). In such universities it is common for undergraduates to begin the commencement ceremony with their tassels on the right. Switching the tassel to the left may be washed individually or as a group. For doctoral and masters students, the tassel ordinarily begins and remains on the left.[12]

Other adornments [edit]

A number of other items such as cords, stoles or aiguillettes representing various academic achievements or other honors are too worn at the discretion of some caste-granting institutions. The Lawmaking disapproves of their use on or over academic regalia, maxim that

"...shoes and other manufactures of visible clothes worn by graduates should be of dark colors that harmonize with the academic costume. Nada else should be worn on the academic gown."[12]

Apparel and tokens representing awards and honors are not considered a component of academic wearing apparel, not only because the Lawmaking suggests avoiding them, but also because (a) they are frequently worn without the defining cap and gown, and (b) they are usually non worn by a graduate with academic robes afterwards the Starting time year in which the laurels was awarded. Nevertheless, they are often seen with academic regalia in the United states, and are therefore mentioned hither.

  • Medals/medallions – When worn about the neck, medals/medallions may non be in disharmonize with the Code if worn beneath the hood and visible but with the gown open. The Lawmaking's exception is merely for special regalia for a chief align, the university or college president, etc. which may include medallions or other devices symbolic of the office.[13] Equally a medallion in this case is symbolic of the office and not bookish achievement, one time the wearer leaves the office they are no longer entitled to article of clothing it. Therefore, it is non a component of an private's academic regalia, only a component of the regalia for the office.
  • Honour string – Award cords normally consist of twisted cords with tassels on either end. They are sometimes awarded for various academic achievements, or to members of honor societies. Oftentimes, cords come up in pairs with a knot in the middle to agree them together. Sashes, stoles, or medallions are also awarded in place of cords. Whatever of these items are customarily worn with not-academic attire, as well. With cap and gown, and hood when utilized, some educational institutions take permitted these cords to complement the regalia of a loftier school or university candidate, ignoring the ACE Code to the contrary. Different hoods, tassels and stoles, custom allows more than one cord to be worn at the same time.

Intercollegiate colors [edit]

The colors allocated to the various fields of learning have been largely standardized in the United States by the Intercollegiate Agency of Bookish Costume,[15] and accepted by the American Council on Education in its Academic Costume Code. [6] The color assigned to a given hood trim and/or tassels and—where appropriate—gown facings, should be as closely related every bit possible to the field studied.[sixteen] For example, ane who has earned a degree in animal husbandry would wear the maize of agronomics, as no color is specific to the subject of animal husbandry, and it is generally included within the broader field of agriculture. Less simply, mathematics is traditionally amongst the liberal arts, which are represented by white, merely can also exist considered a formal science, represented past golden yellow for science.

The codified colors associated with the different academic disciplines are as shown below:

Faculty Color Sample
Agriculture Maize
Arts (liberal arts), letters (literature), humanities White
Commerce, accountancy, business Drab
Dentistry Lilac
Economics Copper
Didactics Light blueish
Engineering science Orange
Fine arts, architecture Brown
Forestry, environmental studies, sustainability Russet
Journalism Cerise
Law Purple
Library science, Information scientific discipline Lemon
Medicine Greenish
Music Pink
Nursing Apricot
Oratory, communications studies, broadcasting Silvery greyness
Pharmacy Olive dark-green
Philosophy Nighttime blue
Physical education, manual therapy, physical therapy Sage Green
Public administration, public policy, foreign service Peacock bluish
Public health Salmon
Science (social, natural and formal) Golden xanthous
Social work Citron
Theology, divinity Scarlet
Veterinary science Gray

The code calls for a graduate to display the colour of the subject of the degree obtained, not the degree itself.[seven] For case, if a graduate is awarded a Available of Arts (BA) caste in business concern, the trimming should be drab, representing commerce/accountancy/business organization, rather than white, representing the broader arts/letters/humanities; if the BA were in economics, the trim would be copper; if in environmental studies, it would exist russet, and then on. If the BA were in a language, a subject within the humanities and not otherwise assigned a unique color, the velvet would indeed be white. Similarly, if a Bachelor of Scientific discipline (BS) caste is awarded for physics, the velvet trim should be golden yellowish, representing physics as 1 of the natural sciences; nonetheless, if the BS were in applied science, the trim would be orange, or if in education, the trim would be lite blueish. The same method is true of primary's degrees and doctorates: a Master of Public Administration in Science and Technology should show trim of gold yellow for science, not peacock blue for public administration; conversely a Master of Science in Public Administration should display peacock blueish trim for public administration and not golden yellowish for science.

Additionally, it is problematic when a field of study that does not have its ain colour assigned to information technology has been considered to be included in more than one subject, which are represented past different colors. For example, history has traditionally been considered as among the humanities, represented by white, only is also considered a social science, which tin be represented by gold xanthous. This is oftentimes addressed by an academic institution assuasive the degree earned to influence - only non determine - color assignment. For instance, a Bachelor of Arts graduate in history might display white, while a Available of Science graduate in history at the same institution could properly display golden yellow, and vice versa. This then tin can create confusion in the first instance by appearing to display colors based on the degree earned rather than, as stipulated in the Lawmaking, the academic field studied.

In 1986, the American Quango on Education updated the Code and added the following sentence clarifying the apply of the color dark blue for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, which is awarded in whatever number of fields:

"In the instance of the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) degree, the dark bluish colour is used to represent the mastery of the field of study of learning and scholarship in any field that is attested to by the awarding of the caste, and it is not intended to represent the field of philosophy."[7]

The doctorate other than the Ph.D. will exist represented by the colors indicated in a higher place. For instance, the Physician of Education (Ed.D.) in Public Health should brandish salmon pink for public health, non light blueish for education, and the Dr. of Public Health (DrPH) in Public Assistants should display peacock blue for public administration, non salmon pink for public health. The Doctor of Engineering (D.Eng.) degree, if no further specialization was made, should be represented by orange, and the Dr. of Ministry (D.Min.) by scarlet if no further specialization, etc.

History [edit]

An American pupil in undergraduate academic wearing apparel during the colonial menses.

Colonial period [edit]

The practice of wearing bookish regalia in what is now the United states dates to the Colonial Colleges period, and was heavily influenced past European practices and styles.[17] Students at the College of New Bailiwick of jersey (at present Princeton University) and at Male monarch'south College (now Columbia) were required to wear their "college habits" at all times starting in 1755 at Princeton[18] and in 1763 at Columbia.[19] Shortly after the commencement of the nineteenth century, however, academic clothes was rarely worn on a daily basis, according to contemporary sources.[twenty]

19th century [edit]

After the American Civil State of war, bookish apparel was by and large just worn at ceremonies or when representing the institution,[21] although in some instances the do has persisted, such as at Sewanee, where members of 1 pupil society go along to wear the gown to grade.[22]

Although universities that adopted academic dress assigned specific meanings to them, there was no consistency among the various sets of rules. For example, when the University of Pennsylvania adopted its academic wearing apparel statute in Apr 1887 it abolished hoods. Instead, it assigned viii faculty colors[23] that were shown on the gowns' yokes.[24]

Columbia adopted an academic clothes statute in Dec of that yr.[25] It included the first known American inclusion of the 3 velvet stripes on the sleeves. Both doctors and masters wore black gowns with sleeve stripes and facing; for masters the velvet was always blackness, and for doctors the velvet was always majestic. Columbia as well canonical a scarlet gown for doctors' employ on "festal" occasions.[26] Earlier, three stripes adorned the sleeve of a gown depicted in an invitation to Class Day ceremonies at Columbia in 1865.[27]

When New York University adopted its own academic dress in 1891, similar Columbia information technology added the three sleeve stripes but permitted them to be worn in the academy'southward faculty colors. It as well adopted the Edinburgh shape in the ([s4] in the Groves classification organisation) for its hoods.[28] Although NYU gave up this shape when the Code was adopted, Harvard adopted it for all its graduates in 1902.[29]

Also starting in 1891, Princeton graduates wore a black gown with an orange stripe between the shoulders, making it maybe the first American gown in a university's corporate colors.[30]

These weren't the merely pre-Code gowns in America that departed from blackness. Hampden-Sydney started using gray gowns in 1893,[31] and the University of the South approved gowns for its higher degrees in the same shapes and colors of Oxford. However, since the university at the time conferred merely honorary master's and doctoral degrees, it'due south unknown if anyone e'er wore the Oxford-style gowns.[32]

Intercollegiate Code on Academic Costume [edit]

An American master's gown from 1911 with the slit located at the elbow rather than at the crescent arc and hood in [s1] simple shape.

In June 1893, the trustees of Princeton appointed i of their members, John J. McCook, to look into creating an bookish costume that showed the wearer's caste, faculty, and alma mater, and to discuss the concept with Columbia, Yale, Harvard and other universities with the goal beingness "the adoption of a uniform bookish costume."[33]

Columbia hosted the meeting with delegates from Princeton (McCook), Yale and New York University attending, and as a "technical adviser" Gardner Cotrell Leonard, whose Albany, N.Y., firm manufactured academic apparel. (Harvard waited until 1902 to adopt its academic dress statute, which is recognizable for its inclusion of the university's nineteenth-century crows' anxiety and the use of the Edinburgh simple shape hood [s4]).[34] The meeting took place in either 1894 or 1895 and adopted the Intercollegiate Code of Bookish Costume on March xvi, 1895.[35] The Code was based on Columbia'southward existing statute,[36] and prescribed the cut and fashion and materials of the gowns, as well equally eight colors representing fields of learning.[37] The descriptions, however, are vague compared to the descriptions of academic costume in Europe.[38] For example, no detail shape of hood was specified in the Code (nor has one ever been). The version Americans typically article of clothing is the Wales simple shape [s5] with a split-salmon cut. In the late nineteenth century it was the shape worn past Oxford bachelors; today it is worn by graduates of the University of Wales.[4]

Since 1895, several changes take been made to the Code.

20th century [edit]

1932 [edit]

In 1932 the American Council on Pedagogy (ACE) authorized the date of a commission "to determine whether revision and completion of the academic lawmaking adopted by the conference of the colleges and universities in 1895 is desirable at this time, and, if so, to draft a revised lawmaking and present a plan for submitting the code to the consideration of the institutional members of the Council." The committee substantially adopted the Code in whole[39] and changed it in 2 ways:

  • The chief'southward hood shrank from four feet to three-and-half feet; and
  • The chevron was added to the Code to be used in the hood lining when more i colour appeared.

1959 [edit]

A Committee on Academic Costumes and Ceremonies, appointed by the American Council on Education in 1959, again reviewed the academic wearing apparel lawmaking and fabricated several changes. They took event as of 1960. The meaning alterations included:[39]

  • Moving the arm slit on the chief'due south gown sleeve from to a higher place the elbow to the wrist;
  • Specifying that the arc cut from the primary'south gown sleeve was in the front;
  • Permitting masters' and doctors' gowns to be worn either closed or opened;
  • The start connexion of color to discipline instead of faculty (i.e. a Main of Scientific discipline in Agriculture wears maize, not gold yellow);
  • Adding soft, square caps for women as an alternative to the mortarboard;
  • Tassels in colors other than black; and
  • The suggestion that hoods be worn by candidates for the degrees they were almost to receive (so that they would not accept to be hooded individually).[xl]

These changes were approved in March 1959. In April, the Committee approved the utilize of maroon for home economy. The colour has never been included in any edition of the ACE book.[41]

As part of the socio-political upheaval of the 1960s in many Western cultures, eschewing bookish regalia became a pop means of demonstrating anti-establishment views, specially in response to the Vietnam War and the Civil Rights Move in the Usa. Educatee protests, which had the consequence of cancelling graduation ceremonies at some American universities, led to a full general relaxing of protocols on academic attire and ceremonial pageantry.[ citation needed ] After the war, bookish regalia continued to be shunned by some who considered information technology a symbol of elitism.[ citation needed ] Nevertheless, since the 1980s, bookish regalia has been in resurgence. Some colleges or bookish departments allow graduating students to vote on whether or not to habiliment academic regalia at graduation ceremonies.[ commendation needed ]

1973 [edit]

More changes were approved past the Committee in 1973, following the "large numbers of requests for advice about academic apparel" received past the Committee.[42] The important changes, which starting time appeared in the 11th edition of the ACE book (published in 1973), include:

  • Permitting for associates' degrees a "flat shield hood," which properly speaking is a cape, and which was first used by Columbia for its bachelors and doctors in 1963;
  • Permitting for six-year specialist degrees, such equally the Master of Arts in Instruction, a hood whose length was 3 feet 9 inches (which is halfway between the master's 3-foot, 6-inch hood and the doc's 4-foot hood), and whose edging was 4 inches wide (which is halfway between the three inches for masters and five inches for doctors); and
  • The add-on of an "alternate color" for Business, Accountancy and Commerce: Sapphire blue. Its employ was recommended against in the clarification, and no explanation for its add-on was mentioned.[43]

The 11th edition also included a contradiction in selecting a faculty color. Since 1960 the color was to be connected not to the title of the degree just to the discipline studied (due east.g. a Bachelor of Arts in Music would wearable pink, for music, instead of white etc.). That suggestion remained in the 11th edition, but in another paragraph was the opposite management: "For the hood, the border [i.e. the edging of the cowl] should be white if the caste is awarded in arts (B.A. or M.A.), golden yellow if in science (B.S. or Yard.S.)."[44]

Doctors had similarly confusing advice. Interdisciplinary doctorates could wear the faculty color of any of a number of fields. "Thus," the 1973 Code states, "urban affairs may be distinguished by copper (economic science), peacock blueish (public administration), or another field already assigned ..."[45]

1987 [edit]

Doctoral degrees were clarified in 1987 when all Ph.D. graduates were to wearable dark blue as their kinesthesia color. While this was the almost visible of changes that took outcome that yr, it was hardly the simply one, and it wasn't the only change that involved colour. Some of the other changes included:[46]

  • Dropping the specification of material for the gown and hood (it had been cotton fiber, silk or rayon);
  • Eliminating sapphire blue as an alternative colour for Commerce, Accountancy and Business organization;
  • Removing the women'south soft, square cap as an culling to the mortarboard;
  • Pointing out that "[n]othing else should exist worn on the academic gown" aside from the prescribed costume;
  • Omitting the light blue gown for the Acquaintance of Arts in teacher education, while leaving grey gowns as the suggestion for all associates' degrees.

Rules vs guide [edit]

Although readers of the Code may believe information technology to exist an enforceable edict, the electric current version of the Code points out its permissive nature: "… it is impossible (and probably undesirable) to lay down enforceable rules with respect to academic costume. The governing force is tradition and the continuity of academic symbols from the Centre Ages. The tradition should be departed from as little equally possible … "[2] In addition, the Committee wrote a memo in 1967 that makes the point straight, pointing out that "the general guidelines are every bit stated and should not exist interpreted every bit supported by highly detailed and difficult-and-fast regulations on file in some fundamental place."[42]

21st century [edit]

Although today in the U.S. academic dress is rarely worn outside commencement ceremonies or other academic rituals such as encaenia and baccalaureate services, those graduation ceremonies have gained in popularity and accept expanded to high school graduations, middle school, unproblematic school and even kindergarten graduation ceremonies.[47]

Special academic regalia of United states of america universities [edit]

More than 400 universities in the U.S. grant the doctoral degree.[48] Of them, more than than 125 use academic dress for their doctors that varies from the guidelines found in the code.[49] Some universities limit their unique costumes for doctors only; others provide information technology for doctors and masters; some provide it for the upper degrees and bachelors also.

Unique academic dress typically separates itself from the Code's standards through color. While the Code sanctions black for gowns at the bachelor's level and above (and grey gowns for the acquaintance degree), several American colleges in the late nineteenth century had adopted colored bookish dress (see History, higher up). When the Code was approved in 1895, blackness became the only sanctioned color for gowns, caps, and hood shells.

As early on every bit 1912, nonetheless, uniformity was challenged when Brown adopted mortarboards for its trustees and fellows in the academy colour, seal brownish.[fifty] In 1938 Yale began using Yale blue gowns for its masters' and doctors' academic dress.[51]

In 1950 Syracuse began using orangish gowns for its academic officers, simply not for graduates.[52] Rochester created a red gown for its president and a black gown with golden trim for some of its officers in 1954.[53] In the next year, Harvard adopted crimson for the gowns of its Ph.D. holders. (Later, all Harvard doctors but the J.D. would clothing the crimson gown; today, only research doctors may vesture the scarlet gown.)[54]

Other Ivy League universities soon followed suit. Princeton adopted a doctoral gown in 1960 whose shape differed slightly from the Code'due south standard. The sleeves were somewhat shorter and they were lined in orangish; the gown was black with orange trim.[55] The standard shape was recently authorized by Princeton; both are permitted today.[56] Columbia debuted its light blueish gowns for all graduates in 1963, following failed attempts in 1948 and 1958 to prefer colored gowns.[57] The gowns Columbia has used since 1963, designed by Jacques Barzun, take a pair of crowns beneath the yoke; on the bachelor'due south and principal'due south gown they are embroidered onto a tab while they are embroidered directly into the velvet facing of the doctoral gown.[58] Pennsylvania'due south distinctive doctoral gown was first used in 1964. Information technology is red but the lower ends of the sleeves are blue.[59]

Deviations from the Lawmaking generally fall into ane of five categories.[60] Referring to doctoral gowns, these are:

  • Adding piping, usually in the university color, around the velvet trim on a black gown;
  • Irresolute the velvet trim to the university color;
  • Changing the gown to the university colour;
  • Changing both the color of the gown and the color of the velvet trim to other than black or faculty color; or
  • Changing the shape of the gown and/or its trim (east.thousand. Stanford and Stony Beck University).
School Hood lining Doctoral gown Doctoral cap Facing emblem Notes Photo of doctoral robes Refs
Arizona State University Maroon with Gold Chevron Maroon with Black Velvet Trim Black Tam [61]
Bastyr University Cranberry with Ginger Chevron Black Seal of Bastyr University Award Cords are worn for dual track programs [ citation needed ]
Boston University Reddish and White Scarlet and Black Black octagonal tam Boston Academy Coat of Artillery All undergraduate gowns are likewise reddish. [62]
California Institute of Technology Orange with White Chevron Black with orangish pipage Black velvet hexagonal tam Seal of the California Institute of Technology Caltech regalia.jpg
Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie family tartan Black Blackness tam with Carnegie tartan trim [63]
Case Western Reserve Academy Blue and Greyness Blue and Blackness [64]
The College of William & Mary Bottle greenish and golden with a argent gray chevron Green and blackness Black velvet hexagonal tam West and Chiliad cypher The doctoral gown is worn open and does non have a hood.

The bachelor'south gown has bottle dark-green trim on the sleeves.

[65] [66]
Columbia Academy Columbia blueish with white chevron Slate blue and black Black velvet octagonal tam Crown in slate blue All robes are slate bluish 2013 Columbia University Doctoral Robe.jpg [67] [68]
Cornell University Cherry with two white chevrons Red with black velvet trim Black velvet University shield [69] [70]
The Cooper Union Maroon and aureate [ commendation needed ]
Dartmouth Higher Green Dark-green with black velvet trim Tudor cap Pino tree [68]
Duke University Bluish with white chevron Duke blue with black velvet trim Black half-dozen-pointed tam Duke Shield [71]
Emory Academy Blue with golden chevron Bluish and gilt Blue hexagonal tam Seal of Emory University [72] [73]
Fordham Academy Maroon Maroon and blackness; gold pipage Black velvet octagonal tam, hatband is faced in maroon with material matching the gown; gold tassel in bullion Fordham Academy coat of arms in gold [74] [75]
Georgetown Academy "Steele" Grey and Navy Blue Navy Blueish, with Dark Grey or Majestic Trim, Navy Blue or Gold Metal piping Dark blue hexagonal tam Seal of Georgetown University [76]
Georgia Institute of Applied science Gold with white chevron Gold gown, dark blueish velvet, white piping forth velvet Nighttime blue hexagonal tam with hatband faced with gilt fabric matching gown Seal of the Georgia Constitute of Engineering Master's and Bachelor'south gowns are black with Seal of the Constitute in gold. Bachelor's degree candidates do not clothing hood. [77]
Georgia State University Navy blue with scarlet and blue chevrons Ph.D graduates wear navy blue gowns with black panels, Law graduates wear black gowns with purple panels. Blackness hexagonal tam President's Seal of Georgia Country Academy [78]
Harvard University Ruby Crimson and black Blackness square tam Double crow'southward foot (for earned degrees); triple crow'southward foot (for honorary degrees) The hood is not trimmed in velvet; the kinesthesia (and not discipline) of the degree is shown past the color of the crow's feet emblem. Research doctorates wear crimson doctoral gowns, while professional doctorates and final master's degrees wear blackness doctoral gowns. Harvard regalia.jpg [68]
Indiana University Cream and Cherry-red Black with crimson trim Black octagonal tam University Seal [79]
Iowa Land University Night blue with cardinal and gold trim Cardinal and black with gold trim Black octagonal tam Campanile crest [80]
Johns Hopkins Academy Gold and black Golden with black trim Black hexagonal tam [74]
Manhattan Higher White with kelly greenish chevron [ citation needed ]
University of Pittsburgh Royal Bluish and Pitt Gold Blue Blue velvet with gold tassel [ citation needed ]
Lehigh University Brown with white chevron Dark-brown Dark-brown velvet with yellowish tassel Academy seal Bachelor'due south gowns are brown with the university seal, similar in color and design to the doctoral gowns Bachelors, Masters, and Doctoral regalia. [ citation needed ]
Loyola University Chicago Maroon with gold chevron Maroon and gold Maroon octagonal tam Gold university seal Bachelor's gowns are maroon and master's gowns are black. Both are made in the standard shapes for those degrees and include white academy logos on the sleeves. Available's wear their gowns without hoods. Loyola University Chicago - Doctoral Robe.jpg [81]
Louisiana State University Navy bluish velvet, majestic and gold satin Purple with dark imperial velvet lining Dark royal velvet hexagonal tam with gilt tassel The seal of Louisiana State University (golden) [82]
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Fundamental red with argent-gray chevron Silver-gray and cardinal red Silver-gray octagonal tam none The velvet trim from the hood signifies by colour the type of Doctoral degree: blue trim for PhDs and yellow for ScDs. [83]
Michigan Country Academy Green and white Black Blackness velvet octagonal tam All undergraduate gowns and mortarboards are greenish [ citation needed ]
New York University Mayfair Violet Mayfair Violet and Black Black octagonal velvet tam with golden tassel NYU Torch logo (designed by Tom Geismar) with year the "1831" NYU Academic Attire.jpg [84]
Northwestern University Purple with gold chevron Purple with black front end panels and sleeve chevrons Black 4-cornered tam "1851" emblem Picture at: https://www.tgs.northwestern.edu/images/academic-policies-procedures/regalia.jpg [85]
Norwich University Maroon with gold chevron None- no PhD programs None None Only professors at Norwich wear academic gowns at graduation and official functions. Being a Senior Military Higher, undergraduates wear dress dejection. [86]
Ohio State University Ruby and Grey Reddish with Grey panels Black Tam University Seal [87]
Olivet Nazarene University Purple and Gold Black with black trim Black octagonal tam University Seal [88]
Princeton Academy Orange with black chevron Blackness and orange none [68] [89]
Rice University Blue with white chevron Blue and gray Greyness square tam Owl of Athena Bachelor'due south gowns are black and Master'southward gowns are blueish. Additionally, a stole is worn by many to signal affiliation with 1 of Rice'south residential colleges. [90] [91] [92]
Rochester Found of Technology White with brown chevron and orange in the center Dark-brown Brown tam Traditional Plant Seal
Rutgers University Scarlet Scarlet and blackness Black velvet iv-sided tam Old Queen'southward College University insignia Bachelor's gowns may exist scarlet and black, blackness and green, or all black depending on the school. Masters gowns are black. PhD gowns vary past school from which caste is granted. [93]
Saint Louis Academy White with blue chevron Black and blackness Black square tam [94]
Saint Joseph'south Academy Ruby-red with Greyness stripe Black with degree-specific chevrons and front paneling Black tam Presently, only Ed.D. degrees are presented. [ citation needed ]
San Francisco Land Academy Purple and White with Gold lining Blackness Black San Francisco State Seal Undergraduate and Graduate gowns are solid purple [95]
Southern Methodist University Cerise and blueish Bluish with red panels Cherry octagonal tam with University seal [96]
Stanford University Fundamental red Cardinal red and black Black velvet tam University shield Doctoral gowns are cut in a modified form of the Cambridge md gown [d1]. The doctor hood is not lined in velvet, merely the lining of the gown indicates the subject. Stanford PhD Robe.jpg
Texas A&M University Maroon with white chevron Maroon with blackness trim Blackness mortarboard or tam Bachelor's and primary's gowns are blackness with a maroon band begetting the university logo at the end of the sleeves. [97]
Tulane University Olive green and sky blue Green and blackness, with white trim Blackness octagonal tam University "TU" shield [98]
University of Alabama Ruddy and White Black with Scarlet Piping Black hexagonal tam University of Alabama Seal

Official doctoral regalia (Ph.D.) for the University of Alabama.

[99] [100]
University of California varies past campus Blue with gold trim Nighttime blue octagonal tam none Doctoral Regalia University of California - 1.jpg [101]
University of Chicago Maroon Maroon and black Maroon and black velvet tam none [102] [103]
University of Cincinnati Red and black Red robe with black velvet trim Crimson none
Academy of Dayton Red and blue Black [104]
University of Florida Orange and blue Blueish with orange piping Blue octagonal tam Seal of the University of Florida Only for inquiry doctorates; other degrees use black robes [105] [106]
University of Hawaii Green and white Green, black, white, and gilt none All undergraduate gowns are also green. [107] [108]
University of Houston Reddish with White chevron Dark grey robes with blackness velvet panels and red trim Black velvet octagonal tam with cherry-red tassel Seal of the Academy of Houston bachelor's and chief'due south degree robes are blackness with the university seal [109]
University of Idaho Silver and gold Silverish with black velvet panels downwardly the front and across the sleeves [110]
University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign Illinois Blue with two Illinois Orange chevrons Admiral blueish and Royal blue with orangish trim Royal blue octagonal tam or Admiral blue mortarboard Academy'south block "I" logo on left lapel UIUC doctoral regalia.jpg [111]
University of Iowa Black and Gold Blackness with sleeve confined and Yellow Front Panels Black velvet octagonal tam [112]
Academy of Kentucky Blue and White Kentucky Blue with Blackness trim U.k. logo with Memorial Hall [113]
University of Maryland Black with Gilt Chevron Reddish and black Blackness vi sided tam Scarlet cross bottony Panels, chevrons, and crosses bottony are trimmed with gold piping [114]
University of Maryland Global Campus Blackness with Gold and Red Chevrons Ruby and Gilt Black octagonal tam Seal of the University of Maryland Global Campus Master'due south graduates vesture octagonal black tams with black tassels
Academy of Miami Green and Orange Dark Greenish and Black Black Tam Gowns given by UM are black with blue stripes and a mortarboard. Doctoral gowns purchased are dark light-green and come up with an eight sided tam.
University of Michigan Maize with blue chevrons Black with velvet lining in colour that varies based on discipline of degree conferred Black tam with tassel in color that varies based on subject of caste conferred [ citation needed ]
Academy of Nebraska–Lincoln Crimson and cream Blackness ,[115] [116]
University of North Carolina at Chapel Colina Carolina Blue with two white chevrons Carolina Blueish with Purple Blue velvet and white piping Royal Blue half-dozen sided tam Seal of the Academy of Northward Carolina Bachelor'southward gowns are low-cal blueish with white velvet facings. Primary's gowns are blackness. [117]
University of North Texas Green and White with green shell Green gown, Black velvet Black velvet six-pointed tam, gold bullion tassel Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies medallion given to doctoral graduates. Baccalaureates wearable a green gown. Masters graduates wear a black gown with dark-green panels and hood lined in green and white. UNT-regalia.jpg [118]
University of Notre Matriarch Gold Regal and navy blueish with gold trim Royal bluish octagonal tam Academy shield in aureate President Barack Obama at Notre Dame University 05-17-09.jpg [119]
University of Oklahoma Crimson and cream Black with crimson velvet Black hexagonal tam none The bachelor's and primary's gowns include the OU Seal on the left chest. [120]
University of Pennsylvania Cherry-red with blueish chevron Ruby and blueish Blue hexagonal tam none Jodie Foster at University of Pennsylvania's 250th Commencement (cropped).jpg [121]
University of Rochester Yellow Blueish Black and Yellow Velvet Trim Blue or blackness Hexagonal Tam Dandelion emblem on left
The University of Texas at Austin Traditional orange and white Burnt orangish Six-cornered velvet tam UT Tower in aureate [133][122]
University of Virginia Varies by schoolhouse or college Navy with navy velvet panels and orange trim Navy hexagonal tam Stylized Rotunda logo [123]
Academy of Washington Majestic Purple with royal velvet panels and golden trim Purple hexagonal tam none All doctoral robes and hoods are purple and gold, regardless of degree specifics. [124]
University of Wisconsin–Madison Fundamental ruby Black with ruddy velvet panels and facings. Blackness octagonal tam University logo [125]
Valparaiso University Brown Brown with Gold Tam
Vanderbilt University Antique Gold with black chevron Antique Aureate with black facings Blackness tam Vanderbilt "5" mark PhD graduates just wear the gilt and black gown; professional doctorates wearable a black gown with Vanderbilt "5" mark facing in gilt. [126]
Villanova University Blue and white Blue hexagonal tam none [ citation needed ]
Virginia Tech Maroon with orangish chevron Black with maroon velvet lined with orangish Maroon hexagonal tam University seal in light maroon Available and master gowns are black and has two flaps on each chest of the gown depicting the university shield and motto in maroon and orange. Traditional black doctoral gowns with blackness velvet facings and stripes are accepted. Virginia Tech PhD regalia.jpg [127] [128]
Washington and Lee University Purple with blueish and white lining Black Black hexagonal tam none [129]
Washington University in St. Louis Green with red chevron Green with black velvet trim Blackness hexagonal tam none University shield (shape one) on sleeves at shoulder; undergraduate gowns also green with shield [130] [131]
Wellesley College Night blueish [68]
Yale University Bluish Yale blue and black Black mortarboard none Doctors, every bit well as terminal masters, use the doctor gown. A Yale blueish masters gown is also bachelor. Levin and salovey.jpg [68] [132]

Encounter also [edit]

  • Bookish dress
  • Bookish regalia of Columbia University
  • Bookish regalia of Harvard University
  • Academic regalia of Stanford University

Further reading [edit]

  • Erwin, John (1934). History of Academic Costume in America. Albany, NY: N.p.
  • Groves, Nicholas (2001). "Towards a Standard Terminology for Describing Academic Wearing apparel". Burgon Society Annual: ix–12.
  • Lockmiller, David A. (1969). Scholars on Parade: Colleges, Universities, Costumes and Degrees . London: Macmillan.
  • Sheard, Kevin (1962). Academic Heraldry in America. illustratored past Paul Wainio. Marquette: Northern Michigan College Press.
  • Smith, Hugh (1970). Academic Dress and Insignia of the Globe: Gowns, Hats, Chains of Office, Hoods, Rings, Medals and Other Degree Insignia of Universities and Other Institutions of Learning . assisted by Kevin Sheard. Cape Town: A A. Balkema. iii volumes .
  • Sullivan, Eugene (1997). Academic Regalia. American Universities and Colleges (15th ed.). Walter de Gruyter. ISBN978-3110146899. American Quango on Instruction, reprinted with permission.

References [edit]

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  8. ^ Eugene Sullivan, 'Academic Costume Code and Ceremony Guide,' American Colleges and Universities, 16 ed., New York: Walter de Gruyter, 2001, p. 1860, Boosted Guidance on Costume.
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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_dress_in_the_United_States